Articles in refereed journals (full publication list)

Edited Books

Woakes, A.J. and Foster, W.A. (1991) Eds. The comparative physiology of exercise. J. exp. Biol. 160. (Annual review volume). The Company of Biologists, Cambridge.

Woakes,A.J., Greishaber, M. and Bridges, C. (1991) Eds. Physiological strategies for gas exchange and metabolism (Society for Experimental Biology, Seminar Series 41). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Chapters in Edited Books

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1982). Telemetry of physiological variables from diving and flying birds. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 49, 107-128.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1987). The cardiac response to breath-hold diving at rest and while exercising. (A comparison between man and diving homeotherms). In: The Physiology of Breath-hold Diving. Eds. C.E.G. Lundgren and M. Ferrigno.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1989). Telemetry. In: Techniques in Comparative Respiratory Physiology. Eds. C.R. Bridges and P.J.

Butler. Cambridge University Press. 139-170.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1990). The physiology of bird flight. In: Physiological and Ecophysiological Aspects of Bird Migration. Ed. E. Gwinner. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 300-318.

Woakes, A.J. (1992). An implantable data logging system for heart rate and body temperature. In: Wildlife Telemetry: Remote monitoring and tracking of animals (I.G. Priede and S.M. Swift, eds.), pp. 120-128. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester & Simon and Schuster Int., New York.

CONFERENCES

Hughes, G.M., and Woakes, A.J. (1970). An electronic analogue model of the fish ventilatorysystem. J. Physiol. 207, 49-50.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1975). Changes in heart rate and respiratory frequency associated with natural submersion of ducks. J. Physiol. 256, 73-74.

Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1975). An implantable transmitter for monitoring heart rate and respiratory frequency in diving ducks. Biotelemetry 2, 153-160.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1976). Changes in heart rate and respiratory frequency associated with spontaneous submersion of ducks. In: Biotelemetry III, Eds. T.B.Fryer, H.A.Miller and H.Sandler. 215-218, London : Academic Press.

Woakes, A.J. (1979). Construction techniques using subminiature discrete components. In: A handbook on biotelemetry and radio tracking. Eds. C.J.Amlaner Jr. and D.W.Macdonald. 213-215. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1979). An implantable transducer for the measurement of respiratory airflow. In: A handbook on biotelemetry and radio tracking. Eds. C.J.Amlaner Jr. and D.W.Macdonald. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 287-292.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1982). Heart rate and oxygen uptake in tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula, during swimming and spontaneous diving. J. Physiol. 338, 55-56.

Woakes, A.J. (1985). Physiological transducers. In: Animal Telemetry in the Next Decade. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, 40-42.

Butler, P.J., Stephenson, R. and Woakes, A.J. (1985). Variability of heart rate response during voluntary diving in the tufted duck, Aythya fuligula. J. Physiol. 371, p69.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1986). The effect of exercise on heart rate in man during breath- hold diving. J. Physiol, 373, p41.

Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J. and Snow, D.H. (1987). The measurement of respiration in exercising horses. In: Proc. 2nd. Int. Conf. Equine Exercise Physiol. Eds. J.R. Gillespie and N.E. Robinson. ICEEP Publications, Davis, Ca., 194-205.

Physick-Sheard, P.W., Harman, J., Snow, D.H. and Woakes, A.J. (1987). Evaluation of factors influencing the performance of four equine heart rate meters. In: Proc. 2nd. Int. Conf. Equine Exercise Physiol. Eds. J.R. Gillespie and N.E. Robinson. ICEEP Publications, Davis, Ca., 102-106

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1987). An ultrasonic phase-shift flowmeter for the measurement of respiratory airflow. J. Physiol. 394,p9.

Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1989). Wildlife studies in the laboratory - the application of ecg telemetry to physiological research. Biotelemetry X. Ed. C.J. Amlaner.The University of Arkansas Press. 317-324.

Anderson, L.S., Butler, P.J., Roberts, C., Smale, K., Snow, D.H. and Woakes, A.J. (1989) Partial pressures of arterial and end-tidal gases during graded exercise in thoroughbredrace-horses. J. Physiol. 418, p131.

Anderson, L.S., Butler, P.J., Snow, D.H. and Woakes, A.J. (1990) The effect of gait on ventilation in the exercising thoroughbred horse. J. Physiol. 420, p68.

Culik, B., Adelung, D. and Woakes, A.J. (1990). The effect of disturbance on the heart rate and behaviour of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) during the breeding season. In: Antarctic ecosystems. Ecological change and conservation. Eds. K.R. Kerry and

G. Hempel. Springer -Veralag, Berlin. 177-182.

Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J., Anderson, L.S., Smale, K., Roberts, C.A. and Snow, D.H. (1991) The effect of the sessation of training on cardiorespiratory variables during exercise. Equine Exercise Physiology 3. Eds. S.G.B. Persson, A. Lindholm and L.B. Jeffcott. ICEEP Publications, Davis, Ca., 71-76.

Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., Bevan, R.M. and Boyd, I.L. (1993). The metabolic rate of free ranging antarctic animals. Biotelemetry XII. Eds. P. Mancini, S. Fioretti, C. Cristalli and R. Bedini. University of Ancona, Italy. 215-223.

Journal Papers: Academic

Hughes, G.M., Gaymer, R., Moore, M. and Woakes, A.J. (1971). Respiratory exchange and body size in the Aldabra giant tortoise. J. exp. Biol. 55, 651-665.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1979). Changes in heart rate and respiratory frequency during natural behaviour of ducks, with particular reference to diving. J. exp. Biol. 79, 283- 300.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1980). Heart rate, respiratory frequency and wing-beat frequency of free flying barnacle geese Branta leucopsis. J. exp. Biol. 85, 213-226.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1982). Control of heart rate by carotid body chemoreceptors during diving in tufted ducks. J. Appl. Physiol. : Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 53(6): 1405-1410.

Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1983). Swimming and diving in tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula, with particular reference to heart rate and gas exchange. J. exp. Biol. 107, 311-329.

Butler, P.J., Milsom, W.K. and Woakes, A.J. (1984). Respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolicadjustments during steady state swimming in the green turtle, Chelonia Mydas. J.comp.Physiol.B. 154, 167-174.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1984). Exercise in normally ventilating and apnoeic birds. In: Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry: Current Trends and Topics, Vol. A. Ed. R. Gilles. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 39-55.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1984). Heart rate and aerobic metabolism in Humboldt penguins, Spheniscus humboldti, during voluntary dives. J. exp. Biol. 108, 419-428.

Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1986). Respiratory, circulatory and metabolic changes during swimming in the tufted duck, Aythya fuligula. J. exp. Biol. 120, 215-231.

Stepenson, R., Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1986). Diving behaviour and heart rate in tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula). J. exp. Biol. 126, 341-359.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1987). Heart rate in humans during underwater swimming with and without breath-hold. Respir. Physiol. 69, 387-399.

Stepenson, R., Butler, P.J., Dunstone, N. and Woakes, A.J. (1988). Heart rate and gas exchange in freely diving American mink (Mustela vison). J. exp. Biol. 134, 435-442.

Woakes, A.J. (1988). Metabolism in diving birds; studies in the laboratory and field. Can. J. Zool. 66, 138-141.

Keijer, E., Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1988). Cardiac response to voluntary diving in tufted ducklings (Aythya fuligula). J. exp. Biol. 138, 195-203.

Culik, B., Woakes, A.J., Adelung, D. (1989) Terrestrial energy costs of Adélie pehguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). Vermandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaf, 82a Jahresversammlung. Verlag, Stuttgart.

Culik, B., Woakes, A.J., Adelung, D., Wilson, R.P., Coria, N.R. and Spairani, H.J. (1990) Energy requirements of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks. J. Comp. Physiol. B 160, 61-70.

Heileman, M., Woakes, A.J. and Snow, D.H. (1990) Investigations on the respiratory water loss in horses at rest and during exercise. In: Advances in animal physiology and animal nutrition 21. Ed. H. Meyer. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg. 52-59.

Art, T., Anderson, L., Woakes, A.J., Roberts, C., Butler, P.J., Snow, D.H. and Lekeux, P. (1990). Mechanics of breathing during strenuous exercise in thoroughbred horses. Resp. Physiol. 82, 279-294.

Culik, B.M., Wilson, R.P., Woakes, A.J. and Sanudo, F.W. (1991) Oil pollution of antarctic penguins: effects on energy metabolism and physiology. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22(8), 388-391.

Young, I.S., Alexander, R. McN., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., and Anderson, L. (1992) The synchronisation of ventilation and locomotion in horses (Equus caballus). J. exp. Biol. 166, 19-31.

Butler. P.J., Woakes., A.J., Boyd, I.L. and Kanatous, S. (1992) Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady state swimming in California sea lions. J exp. Biol. 170, 35-42.

Nolet, B.A., Butler, P.J., Masman, D, and Woakes, A.J. (1992) Estimation of daily energy expenditure from heart rate and doubly labelled water in exercising geese. Physiol. Zool. 65(6), 1188-1216.

Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J., Smale, K, Roberts, C.A., Hillidge, C.J., Snow, D.H. and Marlin, D.J. (1993) Respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments during exercise of increasing intensity and during recovery in Thoroughbred race horses. J. exp. Biol. 179, 159-180.

Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J., Anderson, L.S., Roberts, C.A., and Marlin, D.J. (1993) Stride length and respiratory tidal volume in exercising thoroughbred horses. Resp. Physiol. 93, 51-56.

Bevan, R.M., Woakes, A.J., Boyd, I.L. and Butler, P.J. (1994) The use of heart rate in estimating the energetics of black-browed albatross, Diomedea Melanophris. J. exp. Biol. 193, 119-137.

Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J. and Bevan, R.M. (1995) Implantable Data Logging System for Heart Rate and Body Temperature: its application to the estimation of field metabolic rates in Antarctic predators. Med. Biol. Engng. Comput. 33(2), 145-152.

Boyd, I.L., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., Davis, R.W. and Williams, T.M. (1995) Validation of heart rate and doubly-labelled water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California Sea Lions. Functional Ecology 9, 151-160.

Hawkins, P.A.J., Butler., P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (1995) Hatching and rearing the common guillimot, Uria aalge. Animal Technology 46(2), 75-88.

Bevan, R.M., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J. and Croxall, J.P. (1995) Heart rate and oxygen consumption of exercising gentoo penguins. Physiol Zool. 68(5), 855-877.

Bevan, R.M., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Prince, P.A. (1995) The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 350, 119-131.

Butler,P.J., Bevan,R.M., Woakes,A.J., Croxall, J.P. and Boyd, I.L (1995) The use of data loggers to determine the energetics and physiology of aquatic birds and mammals. Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28, 1307-1317.

Bevan, R.M., Boyd,I.L., Butler,P.J., Reid,K., Woakes,A.J. and Croxall, J.P. (1997) Heart rates and abdominal temperatures of free-ranging South Georgian shags, Phalacrocorax georgiannus. J .exp. Biol. 200(4), 661-675.

Y. Handrich, R.M. Bevan, J.-B. Charrassin, P.J. Butler, K. Pütz, A.J. Woakes, J. Lage, Y. Le Maho. (1997) Hypothermia in foraging king penguins. Nature 383, 64-67.

Hawkins, P.A.J., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Gabrielsen, G.W. (1997) Heat increment of feeding in Brünich's guillemot, Uria Lomvia. J .exp. Biol. 200, 1757-1763.

de Leeuw, J.J., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Zegwaard, F. (1998) Body cooling and its energetic implications for feeding and diving of tufted ducks. Physiol. Zool. 71.6, 720-730

Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Bishop, C.M. (1998) Behaviour and physiology of Svalbard barnacle geese Branta leucopsis during their autumn migration. J. Avian Biol. 29, 536-545.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes. A.J. (1998) Behaviour and energetics of Svalbard barnacle geese during their autumn migration. Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 200, 141-158.

Boyd, I.L., Bevan, R.M., Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. (1999) Heart rate and behaviour in fur seals: implications for the measurement of field energetics. Am. J. Physiol. 276, H844-H875

Ropert-Coudert Y., Bost C.A., Handrich Y., Bevan R., Butler P.J., Woakes A.J. and Le Maho Y. (2000) Impact of externally attached loggers on the diving behaviour of the king penguin. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 73, 438-444.

Hawkins, P.A.J., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Speakman, J.R. (2000) Estimation of the rate of oxygen consumption of the common eider duckl (Somateria mollissima), with some measurements of heart rate during voluntary dives. J. exp. Biol. 203, 2819-2832.

Butler, P.J., Woakes. A.J. Bevan, R.M and Stephenson, R. (2000) Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption during flight of the barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis. Comp Biochem. Physiol. A, 126:(3), 379-385.

Green, J.A., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Boyd, I.L. (2001) Heart rate and oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins. J. exp. Biol. 204, 673-684.

Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. (2001) Seasonal hypothermia in a large migrating bird: saving energy for fat deposition? J exp.Biol. 204, 1361-1367.

Froget. G., Butler, P.J., Handrich, Y. and Woakes, A.J. (2001) Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin. J.exp. Biol. 204, 2133-2144.

Guillemette, M., Woakes, A.J., Flagstad, A and Butler, P.J. (2001) Effects of data-loggers implanted for a full year in female common eiders. The Condor 104, 448-452.

Froget. G., Handrich, Y., Le Maho, Y., Rouanet, J. -L., Woakes, A.J., and Butler, P.J., (2002) The heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship during cold exposure of the king penguin: a comparison with that during exercise. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2511-2517.

Bevan, R.M., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Boyd, I.L. 2002. The energetics of gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, during the breeding season. Func. Ecol. 16, 175-190. Electronic re-print request

Guillemette, M., Woakes, A.J., Flagstad, A. and Butler, P.J. 2002. Effects of data-loggers implanted for a full year in female common eiders. The Condor 104, 448-452.

Froget, G., Handrich, Y., Le Maho, Y., Rouanet, J-L., Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. 2002. The heart rate - oxygen consumption relationship during cold exposure of king penguins: a comparison with that during exercise. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2511-2517. Electronic re-print request

Ward, S., Bishop, C.M., Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. 2002. Relationships between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption in flying and walking barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). J. exp. Biol. 205, 3347-3356. Electronic re-print request

Bishop, C.M., Ward, S., Woakes, A.J. and Butler, P.J. 2002. The energetics of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) flying in captive and wild conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133. 225-237.

Green, J.A., Butler, P.J., Woakes, A.J. and Boyd, I.L. 2002. The energy cost of breeding in macaroni penguins at South Georgia. Func. Ecol. 205: 671-681

Parkes, R., Halsey, L.G., Woakes, A. J., Holder, R. L. and Butler, P. J. (2002) Oxygen resaturation during post dive recovery in a diving bird, Aythya fuligula. Implications for optimal foraging models. J. Exp. Biol. 206: 3945-3954

Green, J. A., Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J. and Boyd, I. L. (2003) Energetics of diving macaroni penguins. J. Exp. Biol. 206: 43-57

Halsey, L., Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. 2002. Testing optimal foraging models for air-breathing divers. An. Behav. (in press)..Electronic re-print request Halsey, L., Butler, P.J. and Woakes, A.J. 2002

Halsey, L. G., Reed, J. Z., Woakes, A. J. and Butler, P. J. (2003) The influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on diving behaviour of tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76: 436-446

Green, J. A., Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J. and Boyd, I. L. (2004) Enegetics of the moult fast in female macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 35: 153-161

Green, J. A., Tanton, J. L., Woakes, A. J., Boyd, A. J. and Butler, P. J. (2004) Effects of long-term implanted data loggers on macaroni penguins. J. Av. Bio. 35: 370-376

Fahlman, A., Handrich, Y., Woakes, A. J., Bost, C-A, Holder, R., Duchamp, C. and Butler, P. J. (2004) The effect of fasting on the VO2 and fH relationship in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus 287: R870-R877

Froget, G., Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J., Fahlman, A., Kuntz, G., Le Maho, Y. and Handrich, Y. (2004) Heart rate and energetics of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). J. Exp. Biol. 207: 3917-3926

Clark, T. D., Ryan, T., Ingram, B. A., Woakes, A. J., Butler, P. J. and Frappell, P. B. (2004) Factorial aerobic scope is independant of temperature and primarily modulated by heart rate in exercising murray cod (Maccullochella peellii). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. (in press).

Halsey, L. G., Wallace, S. E., Woakes, A. J., Winkler, H. and Butler, P. J. (2004) Tufted ducks do not control buoyancy during diving. J. Avian Biol. (in press)

Halsey, L. G., Butler, P. J. and Woakes, A. J. (2004) Diving behaviour of tufted ducks is influenced by elimination of accumulated CO2 as well as replenishment of O2 stores. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. (in press)